Shutdown Modes in Oracle

To shut down a database and instance, you must first connect as SYSOPER or SYSDBA. There are several modes for shutting down a database.

1)Shutdown NORMAL / Shutdown

-The NORMAL clause is optional.This is the default shutdown method if no clause is provided.
-No new connections are allowed after the statement is issued.
-Before the database is shut down, the database waits for all currently connected users to disconnect from the database.Until they press exit database waits.

2)SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

-No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

-Any uncommitted transactions are rolled back.

-The database implicitly rolls back active transactions and disconnects all connected users.

3)SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

-No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

-After all transactions have completed, any client still connected to the instance is disconnected.

4)SHUTDOWN ABORT

-No new connections are allowed, nor are new transactions allowed to be started, after the statement is issued.

-Current client SQL statements being processed by Oracle Database are immediately terminated.

-Uncommitted transactions are not rolled back.

-Oracle Database does not wait for users currently connected to the database to disconnect. The database implicitly disconnects all connected users.

-The next startup of the database will require instance recovery procedures.


5)Shutdown Transactional LOCAL

The LOCAL mode specifies a transactional shutdown on the local instance only, so that it only waits on local transactions to complete, not all transactions.In RAC environment it is useful.

Shutdown Timeout

When we issue SHUTDOWN NORMAL database waits for users to disconnect or SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL for transactions to complete have a limit on the amount of time that they wait. If all events blocking the shutdown do not occur within one hour, the shutdown command cancels with the following message:
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation.