Whenever I created a table with datatype of date or timestamp or data type with timestamp with timezone then while display on to SQL*plus what will be their format? How I can see the format of them before returning result on my monitor?
With an example I will illustrate the scenario.
1)First I have created a table with date, timestamp and timestamp with time zone data type.
SQL> create table test_time (date_col date, timest_col timestamp , times_zone timestamp with time zone);
Table created.
2)Insert one row in the table.
SQL> insert into test_time values(SYSDATE, SYSTIMESTAMP, SYSTIMESTAMP);
1 row created.
3)Now query the table.
SQL> col TIMEST_COL format a30
SQL> col TIMES_ZONE format a50
SQL> select * from test_time;
DATE_COL TIMEST_COL TIMES_ZONE
--------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
10-JUN-08 10-JUN-08 03.33.55.150572 AM 10-JUN-08 03.33.55.150572 AM -04:00
As we see the result came in a format. Where they got the format. Have u specified it inside session. Whether you have explicitly set any parameter or not you can query by,
SQL> show parameter nls_date_format
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ---------------
nls_date_format string
SQL> show parameter NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- --------------
nls_timestamp_format string
We see both parameter returns null value that is they are not explicitly set. Now from where those format comes?
You can see the default format from DATABASE_PROPERTIES as follows,
SQL> select property_name , property_value from database_properties where property_name='NLS_DATE_FORMAT' or property_name='NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT' or property_name='NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
So , rows comes as it is specified format here. We can change it as our wish like,
SQL> alter session set NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT ='DD-MON-RR HH.MI';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from test_time;
DATE_COL TIMEST_COL TIMES_ZONE
--------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
10-JUN-08 10-JUN-08 03.33 10-JUN-08 03.33.55.150572 AM -04:00
SQL> alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT ='DD/MON/YY';
Session altered.
SQL> select * from test_time;
DATE_COL TIMEST_COL TIMES_ZONE
--------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
10/JUN/08 10-JUN-08 03.33 10-JUN-08 03.33.55.150572 AM -04:00
Using alter session only set format for current session. It does not change default database properties.
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